Who Needs Vulvar Cancer Treatment?

Women who have been diagnosed with vulvar cancer, via biopsy, clinical assessment, or imaging tests, need to receive medical therapy to control the disease and prevent its spread. Indications for treatment initiation are:

• A definite malignancy in the vulvar area
• The presence of precancerous lesions or worrisome skin changes
• Groin lymphadenopathy
• Chronic vulvar pain, bleeding, or non-healing ulcers
• Extensive local spread or regional organ involvement

Early intervention is crucial since neglected cases could lead to metastasis to the lymph nodes or distant organs like the lungs, liver, or bones.

Types of Vulvar Cancer Treatment Procedures

Vulvar cancer can be treated with the help of a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. But, the process differs from patient to patient depending on the stage and location of the cancer, the health of the patient, and others. 

Surgery

Surgery is the primary treatment for the initial stages of vulvar cancer. The extent of the surgery will depend on the size and spread of the cancer in the body. Some of the common surgical options include:

• Local excision: This removes only the tumour and a small margin of healthy skin
• Wide location excision: This surgery removes the tumour and a wider margin of healthy tissue along with it to balance effective cancer removal and preserve vulvar structure.
• Lymphadenectomy: This surgery involves removing lymph nodes from the groins to check and prevent cancer spread
• Vulvectomy: This surgery involves removing the whole of the vulva. There are two ways this procedure can be done such as particle vulvectomy and radical vulvectomy. Partial vulvectomy includes removing the partial vulva, whereas radical vulvectomy includes removing the entire vulva and nearby tissues.

Surgical decisions are dependent on the location, size, and spread of the tumor and lymph nodes.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy treats cancer using high-energy X-rays or particles to kill cancer cells. It is given:

• Before surgery (neoadjuvant therapy) to reduce the size of the tumour
• Following surgery (adjuvant therapy) to kill any remaining cancer cells and lower the risk of recurrence
• As the sole treatment when surgery is not an option

External beam radiation therapy is the most prevalent technique applied for vulvar cancer. It is particularly useful when cancer has involved the lymph nodes or when surgical resection in full cannot be accomplished

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy entails the application of anti-cancer medications to destroy or suppress the development of cancer cells. It is generally utilized in the following situations:

• As an adjunct to radiation therapy (chemoradiation) for increased efficacy
• In late stages, when the cancer has spread to distant organs
• When surgery cannot be considered because of the medical condition of the patient
• The medications most frequently used are cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, taken orally or intravenously

Targeted  Therapy and Immunotherapy

Targeted therapies and immunology are a newly developed treatment for vulvar cancer. However, this is still under research and is still evolving. This treatment can be used for metastatic or recurrent diseases. 

Pre-Treatment Evaluation and Diagnostics

It is important to conduct a detailed diagnostic workup before getting ready for the treatment. This helps in understanding the spread of the disease and an ideal treatment plan. Some of the key evaluations include: 

• Biopsy
• Pelvic examination
• Lymph nodes  assessment
• Imaging tests
• Blood tests

Selection and Surgical/Procedure Planning

A multidisciplinary group of oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists usually works together to create the optimal plan for each patient, tailored to their individual needs.

• Stage of the Cancer: Localized cancers can be treated by surgery alone, whereas advanced stages can be treated by combined modalities.
• Size and Location of the Tumour: Involves a decision whether a local excision or a complete vulvectomy should be performed.
• Lymph Node Involvement: Can necessitate radiation and chemotherapy.
• Patient Age and General Health: Affects the operability or intensity of treatments.
• Desire to Preserve Sexual Function: Crucial in surgical planning to reduce anatomical and functional disruption.

Vulvar Cancer Treatment Procedure

Surgery is the cornerstone of the management of vulvar cancer. Surgery is done under general anaesthesia and takes varying durations depending on its scope. Surgical techniques include:

• Local or Wide Excision: Performed on an outpatient basis or with a brief hospitalization
• Radical Vulvectomy: More extensive surgery and recovery time, such as needing reconstructive surgery
• Lymph Node Dissection: Most often performed through distinct incisions in the groin

General Surgery Steps:

• Patient placed under anesthesia
• Aseptic preparation and marking of incision
• Removal of cancerous tissue or the vulva, depending on the procedure
• Lymph node removal, if necessary
• Wound closure, sometimes with plastic surgery assistance in large cases
• Duration: 1 to 4 hours
• Hospital Stay: Usually 3 to 7 days based on complexity

Risks & Potential Complications of Vulvar Cancer Treatment

There are certain risks associated with the treatment of vulvar cancer. Some of these include:

• Bleeding and hematoma formation
• Delayed wound healing along with infection
• Urinary or sexual dysfunction
• Lymphedema due to the removal of the lymph node
• Increased skin infection
• Vaginal dryness with narrowing
• Skin irritation and burns in the affected area
• Increased risk of infection
• Hair loss
• Nausea and vomiting
• Lowered immunity
• Fatigue and mucositis

What to Expect After Vulvar Cancer Treatment?

Recovery from surgery depends on how extensive the operation was. Post-operative management entails:

• Pain control through drugs
• Surgical wound infection or drainage monitoring
• Catheters for some individuals (particularly after vulvectomy)
• Instructions on personal hygiene and wound care
• Abstinence from strenuous exercise or sexual activity for some weeks

The majority of patients can return to light activities after 2–3 weeks, with complete recovery taking 6–8 weeks. Counselling and emotional support are an essential part of the recovery process.

Post-Surgery Recovery & Long-Term Care

Survivors of vulvar cancer need regular medical attention and emotional support. Follow-up involves:

• Regular Physical Exams: Every 3 to 6 months for the first two years
• Imaging Tests: As needed to track recurrence
• Counselling and Psychosocial Support: Managing emotional and sexual health concerns
• Lymphedema Care: Particularly if lymph nodes have been excised
• Nutritional and Lifestyle Counseling: Promoting dietary health and exercise

Sexual rehabilitation as well as reconstructive possibilities might be provided based on patient choice and severity of surgery.

Vulvar Cancer Treatment Success Rate in India

Vulvar cancer, if diagnosed early, has an encouraging prognosis. Success rates differ with the stage of diagnosis:

• Stage I–II: Very high success rates, 5-year survival more than 80–90%
• Stage III–IV: Moderate success rates, approximately 50–60% based on lymph node involvement and metastasis
• Recurrent/Metastatic Cases: Success is dependent on palliative therapy and clinical trial treatments

India’s integrated treatment regimens and enhanced availability of early diagnosis have considerably increased recovery rates over the last few years.

Cost of Vulvar Cancer in India

Vulvar cancer is a significant health concern in India, affecting a woman’s quality of life both physically and emotionally. Treatment typically involves surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, which can have varying effects on a woman’s overall well-being. 

Support from healthcare providers and family is essential for recovery and coping with the aftermath of treatment. Additionally, efforts to improve screening and prevention strategies can play a vital role in addressing this condition in the country. 

Why Choose India for Vulvar Cancer Treatment?

There are various advantages if India is chosen for the treatment of Vulvar cancer. Some of these include:

• Use of modern diagnostic tools  and surgical techniques
• Access to internationally trained surgeons and oncologists
• Multidisciplinary  cancer care
• Lower treatment costs
• Medical visa assistance, along with English-speaking support staff
• Personalised care and counseling 

Required Documents for Patients Traveling to India for Vulvar Cancer Treatment

For international patients planning to undergo vulvar cancer treatment in India, certain documents are required to ensure a hassle-free medical trip. These include:

• Valid Passport: Must be valid for at least six months from the date of travel.
• Medical Visa (M Visa): Issued by the Indian Embassy/Consulate based on medical necessity.
• Invitation Letter from Indian Hospital: A confirmation from the hospital outlining the treatment plan and duration.
• Recent Medical Records: Including X-rays, MRIs, blood reports, and a doctor’s referral from the home country.
• Completed Visa Application Form: Along with passport-size photographs as per specifications.
• Proof of Financial Means: Recent bank statements or health insurance coverage.
• Medical Attendant Visa: Required for a companion or caretaker traveling with the patient.

It’s recommended to consult the Indian consulate or your medical facilitator for updated guidelines and assistance with documentation.

Top Vulvar Cancer Specialists in India

Here are some of the leading specialists for vulvar cancer treatments in India. 

1. , Fortis Memorial Research Institution Hospital, Gurgaon
2. , Apollo Cancer Institute, Chennai
3. Dr. Kanika Gupta, Max Hospital, Delhi
4. Dr Mano Bhaduria, Apollo Hospital, Delhi
5. , Nanavati Max Super Speciality Hospital

Best Hospitals for Vulvar Cancer Treatment in India

Some of the best hospitals for Vulvar Cancer treatment in India include the following:

Edhacare: Trusted Medical Tourism Company for Vulvar Cancer Treatment in India

Vulvar cancer treatment needs experienced doctors, modern therapies, and ongoing medical care. , a reliable medical tourism company for vulvar cancer in India, connects international patients with top hospitals and cancer specialists. With a transparent vulvar cancer treatment cost in India, patients can select the right vulvar cancer treatment package. EdhaCare’s medical tourism package for vulvar cancer treatment provides visa support, smooth travel, hospital care, and recovery stay, making the journey stress-free.

Frequently Asked Questions on Vulvar Cancer

1. Can vulvar cancer be cured?

Yes, vulvar cancer can be cured, particularly when it is diagnosed early. Tumour removal through surgery, in conjunction with radiation or chemotherapy where necessary, can result in successful treatment.

2. Will I have to have surgery for vulvar cancer?

Most cases of vulvar cancer are treated by surgery. The type of surgery needed, however, will depend on the tumour size and stage. 

3. What are the side effects of vulvar cancer treatment?

Side effects are treatment-dependent. Surgery can lead to pain, scarring, or lymphedema. Radiation can result in skin irritation, dryness, or fatigue.

4. How long is the recovery after vulvar cancer surgery?

The recovery period varies based on the surgery. Patients can return to light activities within 2–3 weeks, but full recovery takes 6–8 weeks.

5. Will vulvar cancer recur after treatment?

Yes, as with most cancers, vulvar cancer can return, particularly in high-risk or advanced-stage cases. Routine follow-up appointments, imaging studies, and physical exams are crucial to catch any recurrence early.